In which conductor must the switching for three-way and four-way switches be done?
- Only in the grounded conductor
- In both of the circuit conductors
- In the equipment grounding conductor
- Only in the ungrounded conductor
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D. Only in the ungrounded conductor
Three-way and four-way switches are wired so all switching is in the ungrounded conductor. Switching the grounded conductor would leave the load energized with respect to ground when it is off.
Reference: NEC 2023, 404.2(A)
Why does the Code generally call for a grounded conductor at switch locations that control lighting loads?
- So electronic controls have a neutral for standby current
- So the switch can interrupt both of the circuit conductors
- So the metal faceplate has a second path to ground
- So the voltage drop to the luminaire is kept lower
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A. So electronic controls have a neutral for standby current
Many occupancy sensors, timers and dimmers draw a small standby current. With a neutral in the box, they do not have to return that current over the equipment grounding conductor.
Reference: NEC 2023, 404.2(C)
A 15 A, 125 V receptacle is installed outdoors where it is exposed to rain. What is required?
- A standard receptacle with a flip-lid cover
- A twist-lock receptacle with a rubber boot
- A GFCI receptacle with an ordinary faceplate
- A weather-resistant receptacle with an in-use cover
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D. A weather-resistant receptacle with an in-use cover
In wet locations the enclosure must be weatherproof whether or not a plug is inserted, and the receptacle must be listed weather-resistant. A flip lid protects only while nothing is plugged in.
Reference: NEC 2023, 406.9(B)(1)